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Madison Street between Jackson and Governeur Streets
(40.713539,-73.981462)
All Saints Free Episcopal Church
290 Henry Street
(40.713872, -73.983185)
The All Saints Free Episcopal Church was built with the only slave gallery that still exists in a NYC church. It is the Georgian Gothic-windowed church where Edgar Allan Poe worshipped in the back where he could meditate.
Begun as a mission near the old Grand Street Ferry in 1819, the All Saints Free Episcopal Church was led by Marinus Willet, a pal of General Lafayette and an early leader in the American Revolution. The church at 290 Henry Street was built between 1827 and1829 in the federal style out of fieldstone from the 60-foot high Mount Pitt quarry. The church was built in the same manner and during the same period as the church that became the Bialystocker Synagogue. The All Saints Free Episcopal Church was built in one of the poorest areas of NYC.
Established in 1869, St Augustine Episcopal Church (built in 1828) had upstairs hidden slave galleries (like the Old South Church in Boston) where slaves could sit for Sunday services in small, dark, unventilated rooms with wooden benches and pray (for freedom no doubt). The rear of the church’s balcony flanking the organ were narrow twisting stairs that led to the slave galleries, just two tiny enclosed rooms. The 1830s organ, made by Henry Erben & Company, was a mechanical action instrument with 2 manuel, 15 stops, and 17 ranks. Services were held at the church in 1876 for Boss Tweed’s mom, Eliza Magear Tweed (born April 30th, 1793). Tweed, at this point a fugitive on the lam from Ludlow Street Jail, was hiding in the slave gallery observing all, who could not see him.
The slave galleries didn’t make total sense because the last slave in NYC should have freed on July 4th, 1827. Children of slaves born after July 4th, 1799, were freed, and slaves born before July 4th, 1799 would be free at 24 years old (women) or 28 years old (men). Though slavery was outlawed, it still persisted through legislated segregation and your average bigots. New Yorkers owned more slaves per slaveholder than any other state north of Virginia. The church and its slave galleries might have part of the Underground Railroad that did use the nearby Bialystocker Synagogue.
The church’s name was changed St Augustine Episcopal Chapel when it turned into a chapel of Trinity Church in 1949. The All Saints Church was on the corner of Henry and Madison and Scammel Streets (until Scammel was obliterated by a housing development), so now the chapel is located between Jefferson and Montgomery Streets. All Saints Church started in 1825 on the corner of Grand and Columbia Streets.
In 1966, the All Saint's Episcopal Church was granted NYC Landmark status.
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