Catherine Street and East Broadway		(40.713527,-73.997579)
Samuel F O'Reilly's Tattoo Shop	11 Chatham Square	(40.713975, -73.997891)
The first electric tattoo machine was patented in 1891 (Patent No. 464801) by an Irish immigrant working at 11 Chatham Square. Owner Samuel F. O'Reilly used the autographic printing pen newly invented by Thomas Edison to electrify the colorful tattoo trend. O'Reilly first arrived in America in 1875, opened and operated his first shop on Broadway, but it wasn’t until he moved to the small shop at 11 Chatham Square behind a barbershop that he became a sensation. O'Reilly also worked summers on Stillwell Avenue at Coney Island. In 1898, one of Samuel F O'Reilly's apprentices was Charlie Wagner, who later created the first modern tattoo at 4 Chatham Square. Wagner also patented his version of an electric tattoo machine in 1904. In 1911, Charlie moved to the 11 Chatham Square location that Samuel F O'Reilly made famous, until his death on January 1st, 1953. Charlie Wagner was fined in 1944 for using dirty needles in violation of NYC's Sanitary Code. Charlie was the first tattoo artist to perfect designs on women's lips, cheeks and eyebrows. When Charlie died all his equipment and designs from his studio at 11 Chatham Square was hauled off to the city dump. Samuel F O'Reilly and Charlie Wagner both became known for their work on sideshow performers. After Samuel F O'Reilly died in 1908 from a fall while painting his Brooklyn home, Electric Elmer Getchell took over the shop at 11 Chatham. Lew the Jew also found tattoo fame at 11 Chatham Square.
Edward Mooney House	SW corner of Bowery and Pell Street	(40.714596, -73.997352)
The Edward Mooney House on the SW corner of Bowery and Pell Street is the oldest rowhouse in NYC; it is also one of the oldest townhouses in NYC. Edward Mooney was a racehorse breeder and a butcher who wholesaled meat. This wealthy merchant built his Georgian and early federal style townhouse in 1785 after the Revolutionary War. In the 1820s was a tavern, in the 1830s and 40s it was a brothel, in the early 20th century it became a store and hotel. Then the Mooney House turned into a pool parlor, a restaurant, a Chinese club, an OTB office, and finally the bank headquarters of Summit Associates. The Edward Mooney House still contains its original hand-hewn timbers. Chinatown started to move over Canal Street after 1985, into what was once Little Italy. Chinatown’s largest restaurant is Jing Fong at 18-20 Elizabeth Street where the specialty is dim sum.
Bulls Head Inn	46 Bowery	(40.71565, -73.996589)
The Boston Post Road, America’s first mail route, started in 1673, following an old Indian trail that the Dutch followed northward to the country towns of Greenwich and New Haarlem. After the Dutch era, the DeLanceys owned most of the land east of the Bowery and the Bayards owned much of the west side of the Bowery. After 1755, the Bulls Head Inn was first opened on the Boston Post Road (which later became the Bowery) by George Bewerton just south of Pump (now Canal) Street and north of Bayard Street. This famous tavern (two stories tall with an attic) started as the last stagecoach stop on the Boston Post Road before entering NYC. It soon became the main tavern and restaurant where drovers (cattle sellers), farmers and merchants met and swapped stories in 18th century NYC. Located just east of the Collect Ponds and beyond the towns walls, it was where the townsfolk from the south mixed business and pleasure with the butchers, farmers and cattle salesmen from the north. Almost all NYC meat selling and rendering business took place at the Bulls Head Tavern. Farmers would herd their best livestock into pens that adjoined the Bull Head's main building and made deals inside the tavern to sell their wares. Pens surrounded the tavern for the droves of cattle, sheep, calves, horses and other animals that sold at the market there. Thus, the Bulls Head contributed to the Collect Ponds pollution after they became taken over by the slaughterhouses and tanneries industries. The stables and livestock yards in the area used the Collect Ponds to water their animals before they were slaughtered and their hides were tanned along its banks. Most taverns also had various forms of gambling on and around their premises. The Bulls Head was renowned for dog fights, bear baiting, dice games and “crack loo,” which was pitching coins upward so they fell close to a certain crack in the floor. In 1788, NYC laws (enforced with fines and jail time) prohibited gambling on dice games, billiards, card-playing, and shuffleboard, and banned cockfighting outright. On Evacuation Day, November 25th, 1783, the British left NYC and General George Washhington was received by his triumphant army where they shared food and a few ales. His entourage of 800 soldiers used the Bulls Head to organize themselves before marching into town to retake NYC. Most of what was left of NYC's townsfolk waited outside and just south of the tavern to observe the long-awaited procession. In 1785, John Jacob Astor's older brother, Henry, became the new owner of the Bulls Head Inn, and it could then have been also called the Astor Tavern. Henry Astor was a noted butcher known to pay the most for the best cattle that came to the market. John Jacob Astor would travel north up the Boston Post Road to meet the drovers heading for the Bull's Head early to make deals for the best cows first. When the other butchers caught on, they also wandered up the Boston Post Road to meet them. This may have caused the cattle market and the Bull's Head Inn to move uptown in 1826 to Third Avenue and 24th Street. But more likely it was due to the closing and draining of the badly polluted Collect Ponds in 1811. By 1830, the newly located Bull's Head Tavern was owned by a rancher named Daniel Drew, who later in life became a steamboat mogul. Daniel Drew transformed the famous tavern into a social club for cattlemen and developed the meat marketplace into a cross between a stock market and a bank. Because there were no banks above City Hall Park at that time, most of the money from his customers were deposited in his Bull's Head bank. In 1850, the cattle market moved to 42nd Street, and afterwards to 94th Street. In 1853, drovers were banned during the day south of 42nd Street. In early NYC, Broadway was just a short road running from City Hall Park to the Fort by the Battery; the Bowery was a much more substantial road. Great families such as the Bayards, Beekmans, DeLanceys, Depeysters, Roosevelts and Stuyvesants lived just off the Bowery. Before the Civil War, the Bowery was called the Thief's Highway, it soon became full of beer halls, slop joints, burlesque theaters, brothels, circuses, lottery agencies, dance halls, dime museums, freak shows, tattoo parlors, rigged auctions, shooting galleries, summer gardens, gospel missions, concert halls, dime-a-dance establishments, flophouses, pawn shops, gin mills, fortune telling parlors and opium dens.
Wolfert Webber’s Tavern	South End of Chatham Square on Werpoes Hill	(40.713667, -73.998558)
Wolfert Webber bought the land around the Collect Ponds in 1670 after buying up the Negro farms further north. Wolfert Webber’s tavern was at the top of the hill now occupied by Chatham Square off the Bowery, which was the road to Harlem and Boston. Native American Indians called the hill on Chatham Square Werpoes or Warpoes, or small hills. Chatham Square was named after William Pitt, Earl of Chatham. In 1776, the British toppled the statue of William Pitt erected on Wall Street. Webber's house and tavern was built on the hill in 1648. Wolfert was one of the first settlers that made his home outside the downtown settlement. Wolfert came to New Amsterdam in 1633 along with Governor Van Twiller. He started out living on 62 acres off Broadway between Duane and Warren Streets. A tall 1662 windmill stood just behind the tavern on the northwestern side of Chatham Squares high hill. Wolfert Webber built his tavern on the hill near the present Chatham Square in 1664, it was the place to drink some schnapps and feel merry. In 1788, NYC laws (enforced with fines and jail time) stopped tavern patrons from gambling at dice, billiards, cards, and shuffleboard, as well as banning cockfighting.
Shearith Israel's 2nd Cemetery	Just south of Chatham Square at 55 St. James Place between Oliver and James Streets	(40.712885, -73.998404)
This NYC landmark is the oldest remaining historical site in all of NYC. This, the first known Jewish cemetery in the city, was created by 23 Spanish and Portuguese Jews, who arrived in NYC in 1654 from Recife in northeast Brazil, and they’re all buried at this site near Chatham Square. NYC Jews were part of the Shearith Israel congregation from 1654 until 1825. In 1682 or 1683, the second Jewish Cemetery of the Shearith Israel (Remnant of Israel) was created. Only 50 gravestones remain off Chatham Square in what was once a much larger plot. The first Jewish Cemetery in NYC was on a little hook of land outside the old Wall Street city limits. Peter Stuyvesant granted the site of the first burial grounds (where Asser Levy was buried) on February 22nd, 1656. Its location still remains unknown to history (but it was probably just north of Trinity Church), leading to the second graveyard at 55-57 St. James Place to be known as the first in most history sources. The graveyard's oldest tombstone is Benjamin Bueno de Mezquita, who was buried there in 1683. The most famous was the patriot Rabbi Gershom Mendez Seixas. Burial in the famous Jewish cemetery halted in 1831. In 1776, General Charles Lee tried to stop the British with cannons placed in these ancient resting grounds. General Charles Lee was an Irish British soldier who ended up as the second in command of the Continental forces. On the outskirts of the old city, beyond the Jewish cemetery, were the British prisons whose workers dumped cartloads of dead bodies in trenches off Chatham Square during the 1776-1783 occupation. Part of the third cemetery (1805-1829) can still be seen on the south side of West 11th Street just east of 6th Avenue. Until 1852, a fourth Jewish cemetery was used at 98-110 West 21st Street for new burials and plots displaced when West 11th Street was cut through the third cemetery in 1830. Congregation Shearith Israel was located at 18 South William Street, which was then called Mill Street. John Street was named after shoemaker John Heperding, who in 1728 and 1729 rented out his home to the Jews of the Congregation Shearith Israel. Heperding also sold to these early NYC Jews the land at 18 South William Street for their first real NYC synagogue, which was built in 1730, and replaced in 1818 by a larger synagogue. In 1835 the congregation moved to Crosby Street, where Walt Whitman visited a few times. In 1860, the Congregation Shearith Israel moved to West 19th Street, near Fifth Avenue, before finding its present home at 70th Street and Central Park West.
The Dump	9 Bowery	(40.714127, -73.997249)
The Dump was at 9 Bowery, just north of Division Street, from the 1890s until the turn of the century. Besides owners Jimmy Lee and Slim Reynolds, the head of the On Leong Tong, Tom Lee could have owned this criminal hangout for awhile. The Dive provided velvet rooms (sleeping quarters) for its patrons, and it was the hangout of George Washington “Chuck” Connors, the so-called mayor of Chinatown. Connors was a former bouncer who set up fake opium dens and then staged slumming party tours to witness Bowery's depravity. Connors would meet his tourists at the Bowery and Chatham Square. Connors, who coined the term “under the table,” had his tavern office around the corner from Professor O'Reilly's Tattoo Shop at Barney Flynn's Old Tree House on Bowery and Pell Street. The Dump was also a vaudeville stage where Irving Berlin sung during his early teenage days.
McKeon's Saloon	20 Bowery	(40.714732, -73.997211)
McKeon's Saloon, at 20 Bowery on the NW corner Pell Street, was first kept by Polly Hopkins. It was a Bowery Boy hangout, and Irving Berlin worked there as a 16-year-old singing waiter.
The Morgue	25 Bowery	(40.714598, -73.996933)
The Morgue, at 25 Bowery across the street from Pell Street, was Piker Ryan's Whyo's gang hangout. Irving Berlin sung here in his early days.
Old Tree House	Bowery and Pell Street	(40.714649, -73.997203)
Barney Flynn's Old Tree House on the corner of Bowery and Pell Street was George Washington “Chuck” Connors’ tavern office. The Old Tree House was around the corner from Professor O'Reilly's Tattoo Shop. Connors, who coined the term “under the table,” was called the mayor of Chinatown. Connors set up fake opium dens and then staged walking tours so folks could witness Bowery's depravity.
The Farmers Inn	30 Bowery	(40.71485, -73.997244)
The Farmers Inn was at 30 Bowery in 1825, between Pell and Bayard Streets. The Farmers Inn was near the New England Hotel that burnt down in 1826. This site on the NW corner of Bowery and Bayard became the North American Hotel / Moss Hotel, where 37 year old songwriter Stephen Foster had a fatal accident. He hit his head on a sink during a persistent fever or another drunken tizzy, and a few days after writing his most well known song “Beautiful Dreamer.” He died on January 13, 1864 at Bellevue Hospital broke (38 cents in his leather wallet along with a scrap of paper that simply said "Dear friends and gentle hearts").
Branch Hotel	36 Bowery, NE corner of Bayard Street	(40.715599, -73.996782)
Tom Hyer's Nativist bar called the Branch was the base for protestant gamblers, fighters, and Bowery Boy gang members. Hyer was the proprietor of the Branch Hotel at 36 Bowery, on the NE corner of Bayard Street. Tom Hyer was a bare-knuckle boxer from 1841-1851. At 6-ft.-3, he became America’s first boxing champion in 1849 after winning a 15-round match against Irish Catholic Yankee Sullivan at Roach's Point, a Maryland farm. America's first heavyweight bout became the subject of the first telegraphic transmission of a major sporting event. New York Herald's Uncle Joe Elliot made it a national story. (The electric telegraph was launched on May 25th, 1844, with Samuel Morse’s first message from Washington D.C to his assistant in Baltimore: “What has God wrought?”). A bar fight between young American Hyer and an ex-cop named Lewis Baker led to Baker killing the infamous Bowery Boy, Bill the Butcher (Bill Poole), on February 24th 1855 (eight years before the Draft Riots). After Poole fought Baker for being rude to Hyer, Baker shot Poole in the heart at the Stanwix Hall bar on Broadway near Prince Street. Tom Hyer died of dropsy on June 26th, 1864, and is buried in Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn. Tom Hyer's bar was the Bowery Boys’ headquarters between Canal and Bayard Streets, and the Atlantic Guards would also hang out there. Another old Bowery Boy hangout was the Green Dragon saloon, which was either across the street at 47 Bowery or (more likely) on Broome Street just west of the Bowery. Tom Hyer's saloon was also the scene of the historic July 4th, 1837, attack by Irish gangs from 5 Points, such as the Dead Rabbits. This two-day riot during the summer of 1857 greeted the newly established state-run Metropolitan Police squad. The old Municipal Police just sat back and watched. On July 4, 1857, the 5 Points Riot started when two gang members from the Roach Guards/Dead Rabbits assaulted two native born American policemen. Seeking refuge from their assaulters, the policeman ducked into the tavern of Pat Matthews, who was a leader of one of the factions of the Bowery Boys. Soon almost 1,000 young gang members, some of them just kids, stormed the Bayard Street area. During the first day of the riot, the Roach Guards/Dead Rabbits attacked the Bowery Boy clubhouse at 40-42 Bowery. The next day, the numbers grew and thousands of gang members from various 5 Points gangs marched to the Bowery and met an equal number of gangsters from the Bowery gangs. The Roach Guards/Dead Rabbits looted the Green Dragon, smashing the furniture, tearing up its floorboards and drinking all their liquor. The 5 Points gangs met the Bowery Boys and the Atlantic Guards by the intersection of Bayard and Bowery, and the fighting began. Only several bodies were found because many of the dead were buried in secret by their fellow gang members. Hundreds were injured including many policemen targeted by both sides of the gangs. The 5 Points riot gave gang members the excuse to loot many stores on those two days of rioting, which was broken up by General Sandford's military at 9 p.m. Even political gang boss Isaiah Rynders could not get his minions to stop the riot. Across Bayard street from Tom Hyer's Bar on the NW corner of Bowery and Bayard was the former North American Hotel, that was called the Moss Hotel after 1855, where 37 year old songwriter Stephen Foster had his fatal accident. Foster hit his head on a sink during a persistent fever or another drunken tizzy, and a few days after writing his most well known song “Beautiful Dreamer,” he died at Bellevue Hospital broke (38 cents in his pocket) and desolate on January 13, 1864 in charity ward #11.
Atlantic Gardens	50-54 Bowery	(40.71607, -73.996471)
In 1858, William Kramer established what became the largest of the Bowery German beer halls just south of Canal Street at 50-54 Bowery. The Atlantic Garden was patronized mostly by the Irish, who lived to the east, and the German locals to the northeast. Located on the west side of Bowery between Canal and Bayard Streets (overlooking the Manhattan Bridge), stretching all the way back to 20-22 Elizabeth Street, this was NYC's most famous German beer and entertainment hall. The Atlantic Garden was across the street from the German Winter Garden. The barroom was situated in front of the hall and a large concert hall was in the rear. The Atlantic Garden had its own brewery, shooting gallery, movie screens, and a giant mechanical music box. The concert hall had a large stage and many tables where patrons ate, drank and sat down to enjoy the shows. Before the term “vaudeville” emerged, this kind of entertainment was called variety, and the Atlantic Garden was the first place in town to present this novelty to the public. Many times over 40 years, the Atlantic Garden was raided for serving liquor on Sundays, leading to the arrest of bartenders, waiters, and William Kramer himself. Providing entertainment never before seen in NYC, Negro performers first took the stage at the Atlantic Garden, and in 1884, Charles Eschert joined the Atlantic Garden as its musical director and brought with him the first ladies orchestra. In 1879, Kramer added a venue to the south that adjoined the Atlantic Garden for a Yiddish playhouse, which became the Thalia Theatre to accommodate the neighborhood’s new Jewish immigrants. As the Germans moved uptown to Yorkville, the Atlantic Garden lost its customer base, and adding motion pictures didn’t seem to keep the hall full. After 52 years of groundbreaking entertainment, the Atlantic Garden closed on October 3rd, 1910. The Atlantic Garden was situated on an old coal yard and stove factory site. Part of the structure of the main building of the Atlantic Garden was left over from the old Bull’s Head Tavern, one of George Washington's old headquarters. A different Atlantic Gardens, at 9-11 Broadway, was first run by Martin Cregier and lasted from 1643 to 1860. By 1649, the city had 17 taphouses.
Black Horse Inn	52-54 Bowery	(40.716151, -73.996428)
Black Horse Inn was just south of Canal Street at 52-54 Bowery. It was opened in 1802 by Samuel Oakly and lasted until 1811 The Black Horse Tavern was originally an elite tavern run by Robert Todd in the early half of the 1700s. The original location for the sign of the Black Horse hung on a tavern on William Street (then called Smith Street) between Cedar and Pine Streets. When Robert Todd died, Jonathan Ogden moved it to Queen Street (Pearl Street) and in 1750, it was moved to the Boston Post Road (52-54 Bowery) just south of Canal Street. When Jonathan Ogden died in 1753, the Black Horse Inn was purchased by John Halstead. By 1802, it was owned by Samuel Oakly who owned it until 1811; the Black Horse Inn was known to feature bull-baiting as entertainment.
Owney Geoghegan's Burnt Rag	103 -105 Bowery	(40.71768, -73.995023)
Owney Geoghegan's Burnt Rag, a.k.a. Owney Geoghegan's Night House, was a dive bar at 103-105 Bowery between Hester and Grand Streets, in business from 1864 to the 1890s. This two-story building, often called the Bastille of the Bowery, featured 12-ft.-square prize rings on both floors that catered to the disorderly fight crowd and offered a $5 prize. Owney Geoghegan, a short guy who was the Lightweight Champion of America from 1861 to 1864, would often put himself in one of the rings as well, and he was known for cheating. Once in the ring with black wrestler Viro Small, he was taking a bad beating in his own establishment and had one of his men hold a gun to the referee's head to win the match. The fight crowd would also frequent Harry Hill's and Kit Burns Sportsmen's Hall on Water Street. The bar was raided at least seven times by the 10th precinct before 1877. In September 1877, police were stationed outside the bar to warn greenhorns from entering. Owney had the bar put under the name Matthew Coyle, license revoked on January 14th, 1879, but it was soon re-opened with Dave Kelly as the new owner. Samuel Hadley, a wrestler known as Black Sam, was shot in the neck at the back of the bar at 9 a.m. on September 3rd, 1882. In the 1890s it added women's wrestling to the renowned Bowery bar that attracted the lowest element of NYC.
Al's Bar	108 Bowery	(40.717957, -73.995302)
Al's Bar, at 108 Bowery between Hester and Grand Streets, is known as the last no-frills rummy dive bar on the Bowery. Al's bar, a gathering place for the many old Bowery flophouse residents, closed in December 1993 because it couldn’t afford the terms of a new lease.
Steve Brodie's Bar	114 Bowery	(40.718184, -73.995216)
Steve Brodie's Bar, at 114 Bowery between Hester and Grand Streets, had silver dollars inlaid into the floor. Irving Berlin may have once sung at the three-room bar. On July 23rd 1883, Brodie, then a newsboy, jumped off the Brooklyn Bridge on a $100 bet. He most likely cheated as no impartial witnesses observed the feat, and word was that Brodie jumped out of a nearby rowboat after a dummy was dropped. After appearing at Alexander's Museum, Brodie staged a few more feats, but soon the NYC newspapers stopped giving him ink. He moved to Buffalo to swim Niagara's rapids and fake a plunge down Niagara Falls in 1888 or 1889. Brodie tried opening up a bar in Buffalo, but it didn't work like spicy wings would many decades later. So Brodie came back to NYC, where he was backed by East Side liquor dealer Moritz Herzberg for a new a Bowery bar, which opened in 1890. Behind the bar hung a signed affidavit from the boat captain who pulled him out of the East River and a large oil painting of the supposed event. For the price of a drink, Brodie would retell his feat, and sometimes he wore beat-up clothes, claiming it was the outfit he was wearing when he jumped. After turning his tale into a musical performance that played Philadelphia and Brooklyn under the title “On the Bowery” in 1894, Brodie moved to San Antonio and died of diabetes in 1901 at 38. The Bowery bar stayed open some years after his death, a period that included banning sailors and pickpockets from admittance. Evolving into a tourist trap, buses would stop in front of the bar for the remaining years of operation.
The Pig and Whistle Tavern	131 Bowery	(40.718713, -73.994497)
The Pig and Whistle Tavern stood at 131 Bowery, between Broome and Grand Streets, in the late 1700s.
Hauser Beer Garden	133 Bowery	(40.718754, -73.994476)
Next to the old Pig and Whistle Tavern between Broome and Grand Streets was the Hauser Beer Garden at 133 Bowery, owned by Patrick Farley.
Upper Bull's Head	146 Bowery	(40.719347, -73.994679)
The Upper Bull's Head was at 146 Bowery near the corner of Broome Street.
DeLancey Arms	Bowery by Delancey Street	(40.719982, -73.993961)
DeLancey Arms on Bowery by Delancey Street started bull baiting in 1763, and the sport moved to Bayard's Mount at Grand and Mulberry Streets. In 1801, New Circus operated as a tavern on the Bowery and also featured bearbaiting and bull-baiting acts.
Dog and Duck Tavern	Bowery by Rivington Street	(40.721526, -73.993832)
Dog and Duck Tavern was a eight-room, early 18th century tavern with a large garden on Bowery at the two-mile stone by Rivington Street. Its rural name reflected the old days of the Bowery as a country lane. NYC in the 18th century had about 400 people living around the Bowery Village. By the mid-18th century, NYC population totaled almost 10,000. By 1790, NYC reached 33,000 people, and ten years later that number would double. Other rural taverns on the Bowery were the Black Horse Inn (52-54 Bowery), and Ye Sign of Ye King of Prussia, which was further up the Bowery.
Comanche Club	207 Bowery	(40.721388, -73.993392)
Comanche Club, at 207 Bowery near the SE corner of Rivington Street, was Tammany Hall's Big Tim Sullivan's clubhouse that opened in 1892.
The Fleabag	241 Bowery	(40.722518, -73.992974)
The Fleabag, operated at 241 Bowery, by the SE corner of Stanton Street, from the late 1890s to just past the turn of the century. This gangster bar, owned by Chick Tricker from the Eastman Gang, later became the famous Sunshine Hotel. The manager of this Bowery dive bar was an Eastman Gang associate of Chick Tricker named Tommy Dyke, a political organizer who headed the Lenny & Dyke Association.
Sailors Snug Harbor	253 Bowery	(40.723169, -73.99277)
Sailors Snug Harbor was a clip joint owned by John H. McGurk at 253 Bowery. Sailors frequented the bar, and it was frequently raided by police under Mayor Hewitt's administration. McGurk hired women to help the sailors spend their money, but McGurk always claimed that no sailors were ever robbed in this bar. When the bar was closed down, McGurk moved a bit further uptown on the Bowery and opened McGurk's Saloon, which became the infamous McGurk's Suicide Hall. Before Sailors Snug Harbor opened, John H. McGurk operated a dive bar called the Merrimac (starting in 1892) at 110 Third Avenue. McGurk claimed that this bar was the one dive of his that was never closed down by the police.
The Mug	267 Bowery	(40.723519, -73.992566)
The Mug was in business in 1883 at 267 Bowery, between Stanton and Houston Streets. The Mug was the first of many dives owned by John McGurk, who employed waiters armed with knockout drops. Frequently raided by the police under Mayor Hewitt's administration for the many robbery complaints, it became Sammy's Bowery Follies, also called Sammy's on the Bowery, in the 1890s.
The Duck and the Frying Pan Tavern	287-291 Bowery	(40.724234, -73.992373)
The Duck and the Frying Pan Tavern opened at 287-291 Bowery right after 1800. The tavern was on the east side of Bowery just above Houston Street (once called North Street).
The Gotham Inn	Bowery just north of Houston Street	(40.724478, -73.992727)
The Gotham Inn was a 1790s tavern on the west side of the Bowery, just north of Houston Street. It lasted until the late 1800s, when it was called the Old Gotham Inn.
Volksgarten Beer Hall	291 - 293 Bowery	(40.724214, -73.992472)
Many German democrats frequented the second location of the Volksgarten Beer Hall at 291-293 Bowery, between Houston and 1st Streets. Volksgartens (meaning “folks parks”) were parks in Germany and Austria. All the German Mutual Benefit Society was at 136 Canal Street, just east of the Bowery. Around 1859. The Volksgarten Beer Hall was first located on the Bowery by Bayard Street. At that point in NYC history, the big German neighborhood was east of Mott Street between Canal and Pell Streets.
McGurk's Suicide Hall	295 Bowery	(40.72424, -73.992461)
McGurk's Suicide Hall was at 295 Bowery, between Houston and 1st Street. The elevated railroad pillar newest to this dive bar was referred to as the suicide post. Many of the patrons who came to McGurk's to kill themselves (13 attempts in 1899 alone, 6 successful) would lean against this railroad post while they swallowed poison or shot themselves. John H. McGurk, an Irish immigrant born in 1853, had a few previous bars on the Bowery. This was the last one, originally called McGurk's Saloon when it opened in 1895. This sailor dive bar featured singing waiters and a small band. The bar first got its more unusual name in 1899 when two hookers named Blonde Madge and Big Mame tried to kill themselves by drinking carbolic acid in this four-story bar in a five-story tenement. The bar had a deep interior and a very large back room. Men could enter the barroom directly, but women had to use a long hallway. Madge succeeded in offing herself, but Mame ended up disfigured (bad news for someone who lives off her looks) and was barred from the bar. Tina Gordon also was a casualty at McGurk's, as well as others who may have dove out the window to their deaths. After all the suicides, bar workers were constantly on the lookout for customers with potential death wishes to quickly get them off McGurk's property. Still, the negative publicity brought in more customers than ever. McGurk's bouncer was an ex-prizefighter named Thomas 'Eat Em Up' 'The Brute' Jack McManus. The neighborhood was a red light district and had one of the first electric signs in NYC. Its customers were sailors, thieves, gang members, drug addicts and prostitutes. The 5¢ glasses of whiskey were often mixed with liquid camphor, and waiters would rob customers using chloral hydrate (the ol’ Mickey Finn). McGurk's Suicide Hall’s secret passageways led out back to Horseshoe Alley, and the staff would use them during the many police raids by Inspector Cross. McGurk was often accused of promoting prostitution in his upstairs private rooms. Bar staff included Charles “Short Change Charley” Steele, John “Charles Moon” Sullivan, Bart O'Connor, Commodore Dutch, and Ray Walker on piano. NYC Mayor Seth Low closed McGurk's Suicide Hall in 1902. Some stories claim he retired to California with a half a million dollars. But he was actually killed with an iron bar to his skull after leaving a 14th Street bar called the Folly where Thomas 'Eat Em Up' 'The Brute' Jack McManus was working as the bouncer. McManus died after his skull was also bashed with an iron bar wielded by Sardinia Frank, the day after Eat Em Up shot Chick Tricker outside the New Brighton Dance Hall (owned by Paul Kelly from the 5 Point Gang) at 3rd Avenue and Great Jones Street.
Palace Bar	315 Bowery	(40.725181, -73.991989)
Palace Bar and its flophouse hotel at 315 Bowery, opposite Bleecker Street, was famous for its later establishment as CBGB's. This “country bluegrass bar” opened in December 1973, replacing Hilly's on the Bowery, which was also owned by Hilly Kristal from 1969 to 1972. The Palace Hotel was one of the largest flophouse hotels on the Bowery, and its 165-ft. bar was the longest in NYC. The legendary CBGBs shuttered October 15th, 2006 After a brief stint in the Marines, Hilly was regularly singing on the stage of Radio City Music Hall. Between 1959 and 1964, he managed the Village Vanguard and booked musicians (Miles Davis, Oscar Peterson) and comedians (Lenny Bruce). He opened Hilly's on Ninth Street between 5th and 6th Avenues in 1966, and had Bette Midler playing there regularly as well as comedians Jerry Stiller and Anne Meara. Also in 1966, Hilly partnered with Ron Delsener to launch rock concerts in Central Park sponsored by Rheingold Beer. In December 1969, Hilly's on the Bowery took over a bar owned by an ex-prizefighter until 1972. He also owned Hilly's on 13th Street until he started CBGB's in December 1973. Hilly also drove a beer truck and a cab to survive expensive of NYC. CBGBs’ original rent was a mere $600 per month, and Hilly was paying $19,000 per month up until it closed. What closed the legendary club was his landlords’ (or money lords as Cheetah Chrome of The Dead Boys put it) demand for $35,000 - $40,000 per month. His landlords became the homeless-services provider called the BRC, CBGBs had to use electric heaters for three years when the building had no furnace. If he had the money in the early 1990s he could have bought the whole building for $4 million. The bands played for the money at the door, CBGB’s made its money from selling drinks at the bar. The whole name was CBGB & Omfug, Omfug stands for Other Music for Uplifting Gormandizers (Gormandizers were “voracious eaters”). Wayne County's Queen Elizabeth (named after the American Revolutionary War General Mad Anthony Wayne, who Batman's alter ego was named after) and Suicide were the first rock bands to play CBGB's shortly after it opened, the last was Patti Smith. Sunday night concerts by Television started on March 31, 1974. The Police, played their first American concerts at CBGB's on October 20 and 21, 1978. To help CBGBs avoid paying ASCAP royalties, Hilly demanded that most bands play original music, and no cover songs. Starting in 1975, Hilly advised and then managed the Brooklyn band called the Shirts. This 3,300-sq- ft. space is now a menswear boutique owned by John Varvatos.
Great Gildersleeves	331 Bowery	(40.725891, -73.991738)
Great Gildersleeves was in business between 2nd and 3rd Streets at 331 Bowery between 1979 and 1983. Named after a 1940s radio show and film series, it featured Elvis Costello and the Attractions (April 1st, 1979); Public Image Ltd (April 22, 1980); J. Geils Band (April 27th, 1980); Sonic Youth (June 3rd, 1981); and Beastie Boys (April 24th, 1983); I also remember seeing Iggy Pop at this venue around the time I saw him at the original Peppermint Lounge off Times Square on West 45th street (which moved to 100 Fifth Avenue after May 1982).
Paresis Hall / Columbia Hall	Bowery at 5th Street	(40.727728, -73.991343)
Columbia Hall, better known as Paresis Hall, was on the Bowery at 5th Street in the 1890s. It was NYC's principal resort for male prostitutes and degenerates. That section of the Bowery was a red light district. Right across the Street was Little Bucks and down further south on the Bowery was another degenerate resort called the Jumbo.
Bowery Theatre	46 Bowery	(40.715761, -73.996654)
After the Collect Ponds were drained, the stockyards, slaughterhouses, tanning operations, breweries and local factories closed down as NYC started expanding uptown. The site of the original Bull's Head became the Bowery Theatre. The Old Bowery Theatre was on the former site of the two-story (plus attic) Bulls Head Tavern on the west side of the Bowery between St. Nicholas (Canal) and Bayard Street. Founded by wealthy families to compete with the Park Theatre on the south side of City Hall Park, this famous theatre opened in October 1826 as the New York Theatre. It was located over the old Astor Tavern between Elizabeth, Canal, and Bayard Streets. The Bowery Theatre was the first theatre in NYC lit by gas. The first production was aptly named The Road to Ruin (New York Theatre - 10/22/1826), foreshadowing the future of the Bowery as a skid road and reflecting the theatre’s destruction by six fires (it was rebuilt five times). This original play could have been the earliest to be staged at the fiery theatre. It became the famous Bowery Theatre in March 1828, opening with the play The Spoiled Child. The Bowery Theatre at 46 Bowery was the biggest theatre in the United States (3,500 seats), and it burnt down five times in its first 17 years (1828, 1830, 1836, 1838, 1845). It started off with high drama, ballet and opera presentations. During one of the fires at the Bowery Theatre, Old Matt Carey conceived the idea of using wet carpets, blankets and, yes, mats to stop the spread of fire. By 1845, the wet matt, er, mat was the fire patrols’ primary tool to protect property during fires. Some of the plays staged at the Bowery Theatre included Norman Leslie (January 11th, 1836), Macbeth (May 1849), Romeo and Juliet (1850), The Bohemian Girl (December 22nd, 1852), and Medea (December 4th, 1858). America's leading Shakespearean actor, Edwin Forrest blamed English tragedian William Charles Macready for bombing out during his 1846 European tour (booed off the stage). When the Astor Place Opera House announced the Macready Macbeth dates (May 7th, 1849 and May 10, 1849, the night of the The Astor Place Riot), the Bowery Theatre decided to stage Macbeth as well, but with Edwin Forrest. During the Civil War, the military occupied the theatre, and later its stage was used by a circus. The theater’s name was changed to the American Theatre, Bowery, to capitalize on the anti-British nativist sentiment in that part of town. It then capitalized on the burlesque craze until it closed in 1878. It offered lower class entertainment like animal acts, blackface minstrel shows, and what became known as Bowery melodrama. It was replaced by the Thalia Theatre after Germans converted the old Bowery Theatre in 1879, but it, too, burned down in 1923. The Thalia Theatre staged mostly German-language plays and soon ventured into Yiddish productions. Featured plays included The Life That Kills (August 21st, 1905), On Dangerous Ground (August 13th, 1906), The Avenger (1907), Kate Baron's Temptation (1908), and the last play, The Spell (1908). Afterwards the Thalia presented mostly Italian and Chinese vaudeville acts. Under Chinese management on June 5th, 1929, as Fay's Bowery Theatre, it burned down for the last time. At this point tenements surrounded the theatre, and no further attempt was made to rebuild it.
Volks Garten Music Hall	231 - 233 Bowery	(40.72225, -73.99307)
Volks Garten Music Hall (at 231-233 Bowery until it closed in mid-1895) was managed by George Kraus until 1893. The building was taken over by Conkling's Museum of the Late War for a week before being destroyed by fire on November 23rd, 1895. Peter Conkling, a former clown in Barnum's Circus, had his museum open to the public for only two or three days when gas company meter inspector James Hagan, investigating a gas leak in the basement, tried to read the meter with the help of a lit candle.
London Theatre	235 Bowery	(40.722382, -73.993049)
London Theatre at 235 Bowery was a variety theatre that became a burlesque house and later a Yiddish theater. It opened November 25th, 1876, and was managed by Harry Miner, and closed down in 1909. That was when a series of Yiddish theatres moved in and out; the last named Lipzin's Theatre.
Bowery Concert Hall	257 Bowery	(40.723201, -73.992705)
Bowery Concert Hall at 257 Bowery, by the NE corner of Stanton Street in the 1850s, was also the setting of Meledeon and the Palace of Illusions.
Bouwerie Lane Theatre	330 Bowery	(40.725933, -73.992244)
Bouwerie Lane Theatre at 330 Bowery was built in 1874, and it was originally the Atlantic Savings Bank. It became a theatre in 1963. The Bowery’s rebirth began when two savings banks and two national banks were built. A cast iron bank was built in 1873, which turned into the Bouwerie Lane Theater at the corner of Bond Street. The Bowery Savings Bank was built in 1894 by McKim Mead & White at 130 Bowery. The Germania Bank was also built on the NW corner of Bowery and Spring Street. Skid row Bowery began big changes when many of the lodging houses were transformed into rescue missions. In 1878, elevated railroads were erected above the sidewalks on both sides of the Bowery. The horse-car lines running down the street meant the elevated tracks could not go up over the street. As a result, the steam trains sped by within a few feet of tenement windows. The dark shadows over both sidewalks started the decades-long decline of the Bowery, transforming from the street that never slept into a barren wasteland. Thieves, conmen, streetwalkers, and other criminals were allowed to lurk in the shadows under the elevated trains, sending the reputation of the Bowery spiraling downward. The theaters lost their customers and became brothels, dive bars, flophouses, boardinghouses, pawn shops, day-labor agencies, and penny arcades. Crime, vice and depravity soon found a new strip to gather around in NYC. Cabs with rubber-necking tourists cruised up and down the Bowery to see the skid row depravity, much like visitors on wild safari. Every night people daring enough to wander down to the Bowery were sandbagged and robbed. The adventurers who used to go slumming on the Bowery moved uptown to the Tenderloin where they found NYC's newer shady sights. In 1955, the elevated railroad was torn down, giving light to the Bowery sidewalks once again.
Big Tim Sullivan's Clubhouse	207 Bowery	(40.721518, -73.993843)
Considered the dictator of the Bowery, Big Tim Sullivan had his headquarters at the Comanche Club at 207 Bowery, near the SE corner of Rivington Street. The Comanche Club opened in 1892. Timothy Daniel Sullivan was a Tammany Hall politician who rose from poverty to control the Bowery and the Lower East Side. Using the Whyos gang as a springboard, Big Tim was one of the first Tammany Hall ward representatives to control the street gangs to protect the organization’s hold on NYC's vice and the Irish hold on Tammany Hall. The political machine known as Big Tim survived on kickbacks. His other nicknames were “Dry Dollar” and “Big Feller.” The County of Kerry, Ireland, where Big Tim’s parents came from, provided the origin of Kenmare Street’s name. Big Tim worked his way up from Park Row newspaper boy to owning several saloons, and that brought him to the attention of a Tammany Hall ward leader named Thomas “Fatty” Walsh. Big Tim was a NY State Senator from 1894 to 1903, and again from 1909 to 1912. In between, he served as a Congressman from 1903 to 1906. Big Tim owned part of Dreamland in Coney Island, profiting from prizefights and leading to his campaign to legalize boxing in 1896. The 1911 Sullivan Act requiring people to buy a $3 permit to carry a concealed gun was made a state law thanks to Big Tim Sullivan. He also pushed for women's right to vote, and after the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, he helped limit by law the working week of women to 54 hours a week. Tammany was originally created as a nativist organization, but after the Irish immigration saw a way to elevate its control by using the desperate masses entering NYC. Big Tim was a master at politics for the masses (an early form of populism), which fashioned neighborhood loyalty into gratitude voting. His tenement constituents were treated to steamboat trips, amusement park outings, and picnics in warm weather, and food and clothing during the colder periods. Big Tim helped protect Jewish gang leaders like Monk Eastman, Big Jack Zelig and Arnold Rothstein, and rival Italian gangs like Paul Kelly Five Points Gang, which helped the Tammany election fraud that perpetuated its power and rule. He also helped set up Herman Rosenthal in the gambling world and sustain Charles Becker’s police career. Tammany politicians created grand scale public works projects to create jobs for NYC's immigrant population while they siphoned off funds to line their pockets. Boss Tweed went too far and sent the Tammany machine crashing down around him. Anti-Tammany mayors Seth Low and William J. Gaynor finally got the police to tackle vice and corruption in old Tammany NYC. Police commissioner Theodore Roosevelt regarded Big Tim as a symbol of the morals of another era, and The New York Times called him the most disreputable predatory politician in Tammany. The Lexow Committee exposed the lengths to which Big Tim and other Tammany figures profited from prostitution, gambling, extortion and even white slavery. Syphilis fueled Tim’s guilty paranoid delusions and expanded his craziness until he was committed in January 1913. Big Tim may have been killed and his body was placed on Bronx railroad tracks. His family did not report him missing for more than a week. His mangled body went unidentified and was almost buried in Potter's Field on Hart's Island. A police officer on morgue detail recognized Big Tim, so on September 15th, 1913, he was given a grand funeral at the old St. Patrick's Cathedral and a funeral procession across the Williamsburg Bridge for his burial at Calvary Cemetery in Queens.
Zoological Institute	37-47 Bowery	(40.715468, -73.9963)
America's first permanent zoo, the Zoological Institute at 37-47 Bowery, opened across the street from the Bowery Theatre in 1821. At this venue, one of America's first wild animal trainers, Isaac Van Amburgh, got his start, later becoming the first circus entertainer to wow the crowds by putting his head into a lion's mouth. The Zoological Institute started as a menagerie (1833), turned into a circus (1835), became a minstrel theatre (1843), and ended up an armory (1866). The Zoological Institute was a joint stock company that was formed when all nine menagerie companies in America merged on January 14th, 1835. This for-profit venture was created to spread the knowledge of natural history. About 125 investors owned the Zoological Institute, which was valued with all the equipment and animals at $329,325. Also known as the Flatfoots, the Zoological Institute built the menagerie in 1833 with an amphitheater, stage and ring added in 1835. The name was changed to the Bowery Amphitheater, and it featured a horse show. For a short period before 1841, it was called the Bowery Theatre. The Zoological Institute syndicate was based in Somers, NY, and controlled all 13 menageries that toured in 1835. It all began when Hachaliah Bailey bought and exhibited an African elephant, started traveling, and collected other exotic animals to create a traveling menagerie. Soon other farmers from Somers entered the menagerie business. Some traveled solo, others traveled with circus companies. The first giraffe seen in America was imported in 1835 and billed as the stupendous giraffe or camelopard. In 1836, the Zoological Institute sold booklets describing the exhibited animals. The Panic of 1837 and depression in the 1840s caused caring and feeding of the animals to cut into profits and the novelty also started to wear off. Many big wild animal shows failed, and others just concentrated on the circus business, and offered the circus and animal attractions together on one ticket. In 1841, the circus became the New York Circus at the Bowery Theatre. The name changed again in November 1842 to the Amphitheater of the Republic where the first Virginia Minstrels blackface minstrel shows started on January 31st, 1843. It then featured mainly minstrel shows and was renamed again in 1844 to the New Knickerbocker Theatre. In 1849, the structure was taken over by June & Titus and again featured a menagerie. In 1851, it transformed back into a showcase for various circuses. It failed in early 1854 because the speculators did not work with the shareholders and pocketed the profits too quickly. On October 20th, 1854, the venue became a German theatre called the Stadt Theatre, but it also staged English-speaking plays; then in 1871, opera. As of September 3rd, 1864, the largest theatre in America located at the rear of a five-story hotel began another life as the Varieties, or the New Stadt Theatre, and an early form of vaudeville was launched. This 3,500-seat, three-tiered theatre in October 1865 became Montpelier's Opera House but still presented variety and melodramatic shows in addition to opera. As of November 20th, 1865, it lived its last six weeks as an entertainment venue named the New National Circus. In 1866, it was converted into an armory. On September 16th, 1878, it became the City Theatre, but by November 11th, 1878, it was the Windsor Theatre. On November 29th, 1883, the theatre was destroyed by fire. Two years later a smaller theatre was built by the owner Mr. Martin and leased to Frank Murtha. It opened on February 8th, 1886, as the Madison Square Theatre. On March 27th, 1893, the structure became a Hebrew theatre.
Catiemuts Castle / Indian Lookout / Jasper's Windmill	A Hill South of Chatham Square	(40.712964, -73.999894)
Catiemuts was located on an old hill south of Chatham Square, east of Shell Point (Collect Pond) and north of the east end of City Hall Park. A castle or fort stood atop this great hill called Catiemuts, and it was also called Indian Lookout. The prefix Cata signified great or principal, but it could have described a woman's name such as Kaatjes (Katy). Niuts meant hat or bonnet. So Catiemuts could have been describing a hill that looked like a woman's hat. Early NYC travelers had to go around the hill called Catiemuts instead of continuing on the straight path it has today. After 1886, this old road once called Chatham Street was named Park Row. Catiemuts Hill was located just south of NYC's first kissing bridge over the Old Wreck Brook. This bridge was referred to as the Kissing Bridge because in the 1700's gentleman would kiss the lady in his company as they crossed it. The first non-American Indian to live on Catiemuts Hill was Emanuel de Groot, a gigantic freed slave who lived there with ten other freed slaves. They were allowed to settle on Catiemuts Hill for a payment of 22 bushels of grain and a fat hog each year they stayed. Captain John Brown lived in a house on the site of an old windmill that once operated on top of Catiemuts hill. This old windmill from the mid-1600s was named the Garrison Mill because it had to grind grain toll free for the government. Lightening struck and destroyed the windmill in 1689. Captain Brown's house became known as Catiemuts in the mid-1700s, and the hill got the name Windmill Hill. Jasper's Windmill was off the road to Boston (Park Row), just south of the Collect Pond and northeast of City Hall. It was a grist mill owned by the baker Jasper Nessepat, who had another windmill on Duane Street once owned by de Meyer. Nessepat was a widower who married the widow of Nicholas Governeur in 1655. This made Jasper the stepfather of Abraham Governeur, who was an associate of Jacob Leisler. Governor Slaughter, who put Leisler to death, punished Jasper by forcing him to rebuild the old Garrison Windmill on top of Catiemuts Hill in 1693. Jasper also had to grind 25 skepfuls ( a skep was a round farm basket of wicker or wood) of wheat per week for free for two years for the government. Jasper died in September 1702. NYC’s first windmill was located on the SW corner of Greenwich and State Streets of. Another early windmill was just west of Broadway (Church Street) on Cortlandt Street. The early mill on Mill Street between Pearl and William Streets was driven by horse, not wind. When the windmill sails were set square, with one arm pointing to the sky and the opposite one set to the earth, that was the signal for an invasion from hostile forces, and usually when the windmills were not grinding corn in the hopper.
P.T. Barnum's First Exhibition Space	Bowery and Division Street	(40.714151, -73.997115)
When P.T. Barnum first started out as a showman, one of his earliest exhibits centered around Joice Heth, a blind old African American woman he passed off as George Washington's 161-year-old nurse. Heth claimed to be a slave of Elizabeth Atwood, the half-sister of Washington's father, Augustine Washington. Heth even had a bill of sale dated February 5th, 1727, and signed by Augustine Washington. It was for a 54-year-old Negro woman he sold for 33 English pounds. Barnum bought her for $1,000 from R.W. Lindsay, who bought her from John S. Bowling from Kentucky in June 1835. Barnum only had $500, and originally Lindsay wanted $3,000, but Barnum talked him down and sold off his interest in a grocery business to his partner for the other $500. Barnum first exhibited Heth for several weeks at a coffeehouse with a large hall on Chatham Square at the junction of the Bowery and Division Street. On August 10th, 1835, he moved her up to Niblo's Garden on Broadway where she was bringing in $1,500 per week. After testing Heth out in NYC, Barnum took her on a six-month traveling exhibit from August 1835 to January 1836. Barnum exhibited Heth in Boston, Philadelphia, Albany, and a few other cities. She was on display six days a week, sometimes as long as 12 hours a day. Her long, curling fingernails, paralyzed limbs, sunken eyes and toothless mouth made her look much older. Heth would tell tales of George Washington's childhood, sang the Baptist hymns she said she taught him, and answered questions from the audience. Interested people started to flock in to witness the extremely popular attraction, billed as the oldest woman in the world. After the novelty wore off, Barnum and his assistant, Levi Lyman, spread a rumor that she wasn’t human but actually a machine. That brought businesses back. Barnum promoted his first attraction until the day she died, February 19th, 1836. Barnum allowed a public autopsy on February 25th, 1836, to determine her age. Between 1,000 and 1,500 interested folk paid admission to the New York City saloon where Dr. David L Rogers determined she was only around 80 years old. Joice Heth was buried in Bethel, Connecticut, the town where P.T. Barnum was born and raised. Barnum died in his sleep April 7th, 1891.
The Church of St. James	32 James Street	(40.712203, -73.998663)
The Church of St. James is a Roman Catholic Church at 32 James Street. Father Felix Varela converted an old Protestant Episcopal Church on Ann Street into a Catholic church in 1827. The church was declared unsafe in 1833, and Father Varela found other temporary locations. In 1835, he purchased property for a new church on James Street and built St. James Church between 1835 and 1837, out of fieldstone. The first American branch of the Ancient Order of Hibernians, the Irish fraternal organization, was formed in the Church of St. James. The Hibernians began in response to the burning of St. Mary's Church on Sheriff Street (before it moved to Grand Street). The Hibernians paid for St. James Church’s restoration in 1983, ensuring that NYC's second oldest Roman Catholic church continued. In 1966, the Church of St. James was designated a NYC landmark.
Alfred E Smith Home	25 Oliver Street	(40.712382, -73.998019)
The first Roman Catholic candidate for U.S. President, Alfred E. Smith lived near the church at 25 Oliver Street. Alfred Emanuel Smith was born December 30th, 1873, at 174 South Street, near Dover Street. He worked as a newsboy and went to grammar school at St. James Church's Parochial School. Around age 12, Alfred dropped out to become a fishmonger at Fulton Fish Market to help support his family after his father died. An altar boy at the Church of St. James long before he became the first Irish Catholic governor of New York State (serving two terms), Smith always fought for social reform to protect the poor living in the Lower East Side, a place he called the old neighborhood.
Chinese Food Fried Dumplings	25 B Henry Street (212 608-8962)	(-73.996577, 40.712926)
Chives and Pork Fried Dumpling $1 Cabbage and Pork Boiled Dumpling $2 Vegetable Steamed Dumpling $2 Vegetable and Pork Boiled Dumpling $2 Chives and Pork Dumpling with Soup $2 Wonton in Hot Oil $3 Shanghai Shepherd's Parse and Pork Wonton Soup $3 Wheat Congee Soup Small $1 Wheat Congee Soup Large $1.50 Soy Bean Milk Small $.75 Soy Bean Milk Large $1.50 Congee with Green Bean Small $.50 Congee with Green Bean Large $1 Hot and Sour Soup Small $1 Hot and Sour Soup Large $2 Lamb Soup $3.50 Steamed Pork Buns $1 Beef Noodle Soup $3.50 Pork Chop Noodle Soup $3 Noodle with Meat and Bean Sauce Soup $2.50 Noodle with Wonton Soup $3 Dumpling Noodle Soup $3 Sesame Pancake $2 Scallion Pancake $1 Cabbage and Pork Pancake $1 Chives and Egg Pancake $1 Noodle and Sesame Sauce $2.50 Pork Wonton $2 Frozen Chives and Pork Steamed Dumplings $10 Frozen Cabbage and Pork Steamed Dumplings $10 Frozen Chives and Pork Fried Dumplings $10 Frozen Vegetable Dumplings $10 Frozen Steamed Pork Bun $10 Frozen Celery and Pork Boiled Dumplings $10 Frozen Shanghai Shepherd's Parse and Pork Wonton $10
Bus Schedule
Weekdays	Saturdays	Sundays
12:25 AM 12:55 AM 1:25 AM 2:05 AM 2:45 AM 3:25 AM 4:05 AM 4:45 AM 5:27 AM 5:47 AM 6:11 AM 6:31 AM 6:54 AM 7:14 AM 7:24 AM 7:31 AM 7:38 AM 7:46 AM 7:53 AM 8:00 AM 8:06 AM 8:12 AM 8:18 AM 8:24 AM 8:30 AM 8:38 AM 8:45 AM 8:53 AM 9:00 AM 9:08 AM 9:20 AM 9:32 AM 9:47 AM 10:02 AM 10:17 AM 10:32 AM 10:47 AM 11:02 AM 11:17 AM 11:32 AM 11:47 AM 12:02 PM 12:17 PM 12:32 PM 12:47 PM 1:02 PM 1:17 PM 1:32 PM 1:45 PM 2:00 PM 2:15 PM 2:30 PM 2:45 PM 3:00 PM 3:14 PM 3:22 PM 3:34 PM 3:44 PM 3:54 PM 4:04 PM 4:14 PM 4:24 PM 4:36 PM 4:48 PM 5:00 PM 5:12 PM 5:24 PM 5:36 PM 5:48 PM 6:00 PM 6:12 PM 6:22 PM 6:34 PM 6:46 PM 6:58 PM 7:16 PM 7:36 PM 7:56 PM 8:16 PM 8:36 PM 8:56 PM 9:14 PM 9:34 PM 9:54 PM 10:14 PM 10:34 PM 10:59 PM 11:29 PM 11:59 PM	12:25 AM 12:55 AM 1:26 AM 2:06 AM 2:46 AM 3:26 AM 4:06 AM 4:46 AM 5:29 AM 5:54 AM 6:14 AM 6:34 AM 6:54 AM 7:15 AM 7:35 AM 7:55 AM 8:15 AM 8:35 AM 8:55 AM 9:17 AM 9:37 AM 9:54 AM 10:09 AM 10:24 AM 10:39 AM 10:54 AM 11:09 AM 11:24 AM 11:39 AM 11:54 AM 12:09 PM 12:24 PM 12:39 PM 12:54 PM 1:09 PM 1:24 PM 1:39 PM 1:54 PM 2:09 PM 2:24 PM 2:39 PM 2:54 PM 3:09 PM 3:24 PM 3:39 PM 3:54 PM 4:09 PM 4:24 PM 4:39 PM 4:54 PM 5:09 PM 5:24 PM 5:39 PM 5:54 PM 6:09 PM 6:24 PM 6:39 PM 6:54 PM 7:12 PM 7:32 PM 7:52 PM 8:09 PM 8:29 PM 8:49 PM 9:08 PM 9:28 PM 9:48 PM 10:08 PM 10:28 PM 10:53 PM 11:23 PM 11:53 PM	12:21 AM 12:56 AM 1:26 AM 2:06 AM 2:46 AM 3:26 AM 4:06 AM 4:46 AM 5:28 AM 6:08 AM 6:48 AM 7:21 AM 7:51 AM 8:11 AM 8:31 AM 8:51 AM 9:11 AM 9:31 AM 9:53 AM 10:11 AM 10:31 AM 10:53 AM 11:13 AM 11:33 AM 11:53 AM 12:13 PM 12:33 PM 12:53 PM 1:13 PM 1:33 PM 1:53 PM 2:13 PM 2:33 PM 2:53 PM 3:13 PM 3:33 PM 3:53 PM 4:11 PM 4:31 PM 4:51 PM 5:11 PM 5:31 PM 5:51 PM 6:11 PM 6:31 PM 6:51 PM 7:10 PM 7:30 PM 7:50 PM 8:20 PM 8:50 PM 9:18 PM 9:48 PM 10:18 PM 10:48 PM 11:18 PM 11:48 PM